| Lam3rok | Дата: Вторник, 25.10.2011, 22:13 | Сообщение # 1 |
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| ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN THE EU
Naryzhnaya A.I.,
Delini M.M., PhD in Economics,
Donetsk State University of Management
Description of the issue. Today the actual problem of society is the need for a fundamentally new relationship between man and nature. Therefore, an important condition for the further development of civilization on earth is the use of raw materials and energy, which would not violate the balance in the environment.
In this regard, at the present stage of the world economy has been an increasing interest for use in various sectors of economic activity of alternative renewable sources of energy (ARSE). This position is fully shared by the EU. Problems of economic development incentives unconventional energetiki in the EU was given considerable attention by various scientists: T. Ryskulov, S.P. Kurdyumov, V.I. Kravtsov, S. Lukyanov, E.V Thyssen, N. Bice, V.G. Varnavsky, M. Vilesov. Their experience shows that one of the promising ways out of this situation is to establish an effective mechanism for promoting the practical use of renewable energy sources (RES). EU countries, along with the United States are world leaders in the development and use of renewable energy.
Objective of the research is to study the tools of economic incentives of alternative energy in the EU.
Main results. Security of energy use for humans and the planet is just beginning to enter the global development priorities now. The EU is very much a pioneer of this movement. The EU strategy aimed at weakening the relationship between resource use and economic growth, which is reflected in energy policy, as well as the relevant EU regulatory framework. Until 2020, the share of renewable energy in electricity consumption in the EU would be 20%. In some European countries this figure has already exceeded 20%. For example, in Denmark, wind energy provides only 21.3% of all energy in the network in Finland and Sweden at the expense of biomass is 20-25% of heat production.
Conditions for the development of alternative energy in the EU member states are different. These differences are due to the following factors:
• geographical and natural (rainfall, direction of water flows, solar intensity, wind rose,etc.);
• economic (price level for oil and gas, the size of subsidies for energy based on traditional and nuclear sources, the system of economic incentives and environmental regulators character, etc.);
• political and social (international programs, administrative initiatives, public opinion,etc.);
• technological and other.
EU experience shows that among the various factors influencing the extent and prospects of renewable energy, play a decisive role in force in those countries the system of economic incentives.
Environmental pollution causes significant damage to the economy. In European countries it is estimated to be 4-6% of GDP. Therefore, along with the aggravation of the global energy problem, the rapid growth of energy prices (especially oil) and the desire to reduce risks and losses in energy imports, the importance of environmental issues in the EU is an important stimulus to the state “interference” in the economy, particular to promote the development of alternative energy.
The most common tools for promoting the use of renewable energy in European countries are: compensation (bonuses) to the tariffs on energy produced from renewable energy, tax exemption of profits invested in the development of alternative energy, consumer emancipation “clean” energy from environmental taxes, tenders and quotas (“green certificates”) to support various types of renewable energy from the total special fund. This also should include steps to greening the tax system, providing both economic incentives for environmental protection and resource conservation through the introduction of environmental taxes and a simultaneous proportional reduction of the tax burden associated with social benefits.
Conclusions. Thus, the experience of EU countries shows that the future of renewable energy is largely dependent on the financial support that will be provided with alternative energy. An important condition for the further development of this sub-sector of energy is an active state intervention in economic life, particularly the development of effective legislation, government programs targeted funding, benefits, subsidies to enterprises operating in this area, as well as the use of incentives, and in some cases and enforcing measures for implementation in enterprises and alternative energy power plants.
References
1. European Commission, Green Paper - Towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply. /* COM/2000/0769 final */- [элек-тронный ресурс]- режим доступа на: http://eurlex.europa.eu /LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52000DC0769:EN:HTML.
2. Клавдиенко В.П., Тарасов А.П. Нетрадиционная энергетика в странах ЕС: экономическое стимулирование развития - [элек-тронный ресурс] - режим доступа: http://articles.excelion.ru /science/em/15992350.html;
3. Экологическая налоговая реформа - [электронный ресурс] - режим доступа: http://vg.tc/principy-ekologii/ekologicheskaya-nalogovaya- reforma.html
4. Projet de traite instituant l'Union Europeenne. Bulletin des Communautes europeennes. Fevrier 1984, №2, p. 41.
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